• An individual’s cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person
• Active:  problem-focused coping aiming to solve the stressful situation is beneficial in reducing both WFC and FWC
• Emotion-focused: emotional regulation behavior brings higher WFC and avoidance-focused coping brings higher WFC and FWC.

describe what people do/think when they face challenges in combining roles, and these can be divided into strategies that decrease demand and strategies that increase resource --> resource-increasing strategies seem to be beneficial

Organizations can also support their employees in balancing work and family life, through policies and a supportive culture:

• Formal work-family policies: cover leave and flexibility arrangements, and their availability varies across welfare regimes
• Informal work-family culture: refers to shared assumptions, beliefs and values regarding the extent to which an organisation supports and values integration of work and family
• managerial support
• career consequences
• organizational time demands