Read the summary and the most important questions on ab psych first part of chapter 4

• first part of chapter 4 ab psych

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• psychological sources of stress...

  diminish capacity for adjustment, but also may adversely affect our health

• stress is associated with an increased risk of various types of

  physical illness, ranging from digestive disorders to heart disease

• prolonged stress can eventually weaken the bodys

  immune system

• fight or flight reaction

  the inborn tendency to respond to a threat by either fighting or fleeing

• stress related changes in the body associated with the alarm reaction

  corticosteroids are released
  epinephrine and norepinephrine are released
  heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure increase
  muscles tense
  blood shifts from the internal organs to the skeletal muscles
  digestion is inhibited
  sugar is released by the liver
  blood clotting ability is increased.

• (GAS) resistance stage

  second stage of GAS, in which endocrine and sympathetic nervous system responses remain at high levels, but not quite as high as during the alarm reaction.

• (GAS) exhaustion stage

  the third stage of the GAS, characterized by lowered resistance, increased parasympathetic activity, and eventual physical deterioration.

• individuals react differently to stress depending on

  psychological factors such as the meaning they ascribe to stressful events.

• three key traits distinguished the psychologically hardy executives:

  1. commitment (both attitude and action)
  2. challenge (views change and challenge as normal)
  3. Control over their lives (internal locus of control)

• psychologically hardy people appear to cope more effectively with stress by...

  adopting active, problem solving approaches and by perceiving themselves as choosing high- stress situations