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A snapshot of the summary - Abnormal Psychology 8e
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1 looking at abnormality
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What is referred to when speaking of psychopathology?The study of people who suffer mental, emotional and often physical pain
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1.1 defining abnormality
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What is one of the reasons there are no biological tests available for mental illnesses?Mental disorders are not just one 'disease', but rather a collection of problems and symptoms that can vary per person
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What is meant by cultural relativism?There are no universal standards for labeling behavior as abnormal, you can only do this relative to cultural norms
- con: labeling certain groups can happen to control or silence them (holocaust)
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What are the 4 D's of abnormality?
- Dysfunction: interfering with daily functioning
- Distress: both the person and the people around them
- Deviance: hearing voices when alone
- Dangerousness: agression and/or harm
- Dysfunction: interfering with daily functioning
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1.2 historical perspectives on abnormality
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What is a trephination?A procedure where holes are drilled into the skull of someone that behaves abnormally to allow spirits to leave
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Which 4 categories did Hippocrates classify for abnormal behavior?
- Epilepsy
- mania
- melancholia
- brain fever
- Epilepsy
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What are psychic epidemics?
Phenomenons in which large numbers of people engage in unusual behaviors that appear to have a psychological origin- dance
frenzies or maniaexpample tarantism example
- dance
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1.3 the emergence of modern perspectives
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What is the difference between psychoanalysis and behaviorism?Psychoanalysis mainly
focusses on unconscious processes, wherebehaviorism aims to understand behavior throughstimuli and responses (classical conditioning pavlov) -
2 theories and treatment of abnormality
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2.1 biological approaches
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Which 3 causes are named for abnormality following the biological approach and can all influence eachother?
- Brain disfunction
- biochemical imbalances
- genetic abnormalities
- Brain disfunction
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Which 4 neurotransmitters are mentioned in the book?
- Serotonin: emotional wellbeing and dysfunctional behaviors
- dopamine: reinforcements or rewards, affected by substances (addiction) and muscle systems
- norepinephrine/noradrenaline: stimulating effects because of delay in reuptake and depression
- GABA: inhibits action of other transmitters, anxiety symtoms
- Serotonin: emotional wellbeing and dysfunctional behaviors
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The following topics are covered in this summary
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prevention, cross-cultural, curanderos
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assessment, labeling, social-psychological
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correlational, meta, negatives
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recurrent, disorders, activated
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interpersonal, bipolar, prefrontal
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hallucinations, delusions, catatonia
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dopamine, glutamate, schizophrenia
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reduce, dopamine, tardive
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dsm, diagnosing, limitations
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neurocognitive, hyperactivity-impulsivity, dsm
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nervosa, cardiovascular, anorexia
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stressors, categories, criteria
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substances, impaired, withdrawal