Substance use and gambling disorders - theories of substance use disorders
4 important questions on Substance use and gambling disorders - theories of substance use disorders
What are some of the biological factors that play a role in substance use disorders?
- Pleasure or reward pathway sensitive to dopamine
- cocaine and amphetamines
- brain areas controlling the urge to drink or use drugs
- chronic use of psychoactive substances alters reward centers and production of certain transmitters
- cravings for certain substances
- psychoactive drugs can affect a number of biochemical and brain systems
- stress sensitivity to cues associated with substance use
- genetic factors
- dopamine receptor and transporter gene
What are some of the psychological factors that play a role in substance use disorders?
- Modeling via parents or important others in culture
- passed down through males in family
- people's expectations of alcohol's effects and beliefs about appropriateness of using it to cope with stress
- behavioral undercontrol
- tendency to be impulsive, sensation seeking and prone to antisocial behaviors
- influenced by genetics
What are some sociocultural factors that play a role in substance use disorders?
- Stress caused by poverty, abusive relationships, fighting parents etc.
- reinforcing effects
- environmental reinforcements and punishments
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What are some gender differences that play a role in substance use disorders?
- Substance abuse more acceptable for men
- masculine behavior
- women carry less risk factors for substance use disorders
- personality traits and motivation
- women suffer more easily from alcohol-related physical illness after alcohol exposure
- reproductive problems in women
- sooner feeling of intoxication than men
- aversive effects
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