What theory is not SUTTON AND STAW
7 important questions on What theory is not SUTTON AND STAW
Not all authors agree that strong theory is necessary, what are their reasons for this?
- Van Maanen: the field needs more descriptive narratives about organizational life
- Avoid aiming at the target for a long while and first develop more fundamental knowledge, it will be easy to directly hit the bull's-eye when finally taking aim
- Meta-analysis: a collection of papers as usefeul accumulations of empirical findings
Why are strong theory and precise measurement contradicting?
- Journals plead for creativity while aslo expecting structure between theory and data
- Wishes only statisfied with hypocritical writing
- Theory is crafted around data
Why are references not theory?
- References set the stage for new conceptual arguments
- Acknowledge the stream of logic
- Listing references to existing theories is not the same as explicating the causal logic they contain
- References are sometimes used like a smoke screen to hide the absence of theory.
- Enough of the pertinent logic from past theoretical work should be included so that the reader can grasp the author's logical argument
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Why is data not theory?
- Data describe which empirical patterns were observed and theory explains why empirical patterns were observed or are expected to be observed
- Data is evidence for theory and vice versa
- Empirical results can certainly provide useful support for a theory. But they should not be construed as theory themselves.
- Prior findings cannot by themselves motivate hypotheses, and the reporting of results cannot substitute for causal reasoning.
- Qualitative papers: quotes/observations themselves are not enough. Develop arguments why
Why is a list of variables/conducts not theory?
- A theory must also explain why variables or constructs come about or why they are connected.
- Lists may be useful as catalogues
- Compare sets of variables on the dependent variables
Why are diagrams not theory?
- Can be used to visualise findings instead of writing
- Diagrams and figures should be considered as stage props rather than the performance itself
- Good theory is often representational and verbal.
- But should be good enough that only text/only diagrams should suffice
Why are hypotheses/predicitons not theory?
- Serve as crucial bridges between theory and data
- Makes explicit how the variables and relationships that follow from a logical argument will be operationalized
- Hypotheses are concise statements about what is expected to occur, not why it is expected to occur.
- Strong theory usually stems from a single or small set of research idea/hypotheses
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