Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes - Dynamic chromatine
4 important questions on Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes - Dynamic chromatine
The recruitment of transcriptional machinery by activators may appear to be somewhat similar in eukaryotes and bacteria, with the major difference being the number of ... in the transcriptional machinery
Compared with eukaryotic DNA, bacterial DNA is relatively “naked,” making it readily accessible to RNA polymerase. In contrast, eukaryotic chromosomes are packaged into chromatin, which is composed of ... and ... (mostly histones).
The basic unit of ... is the nucleosome, which contains ~150 bp of DNA wrapped 1.7 times around a core of histone proteins (Figure 12-11). The nucleosome core contains eight histones, two subunits of each of the four histones: histones 2A, 2B, 3, and 4 (called H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) organized as two dimers of H2A and H2B and a tetramer of H3 and H4. Surrounding the nucleosome core is a linker histone, H1, which can compact the nucleosomes into higher-order structures that further condense the DNA.
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There are three major mechanisms to alter chromatin structure.
- chromatine remodeling: moving nucleosomes along the DNA
- Histone modification in the nucleosome core
- Replacing the common histones in a nucleosome with histone variants.
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