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• 1 Anatomy Midterm Flashcards

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• Chemical Level --> Atom

  smallest stable units of matter that can combine to form molecules

• Organelle Level --> cell parts

  functional properties determines by shape and atomic components

• Cellular Level --> Cells

  smallest living units in the body --> functions depend on organelles (intracellular structures composed of complex molecules where each organelle has a specific function)

• Organ System Level --> what happens here? / how many organ systems does the human body have?

  • Organs interact in organ systems
  • There are 11 organ systems in the human body

• Organism Level --> what is an organism and what is its goal?

  • Organism - in this case - a human - is the highest level of organization
    
  • Its goal is to maintain life and health

• 2 Examples of Positive Feedback Loops

  
  

  1. Blood Clotting - blood clotting chemicals, blood must clot fast or we will die - blood would clot 1 million times slower without a positive feedback loop
  2. Labor and Delivery - once it starts, the body wants to get the baby out really fast instead of keeping it in

• When using directional terms remember:

  • you are using them to describe one body part in relation to another body part
  • assume the body part is in anatomical position

• How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

  enzymes drastically speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

• What are you measuring when you measure pH?

  you are measuring the hydrogen concentration

• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

  a high energy compound consisting of adenosine with 3 phosphate group attached; the 3rd is attached by a high-energy bond