Read the summary and the most important questions on Artefact - Junior Cycle History | 9781912239382 | Gregg O’Neill and Eimear Jenkinson

• 6 Life and Death in Medieval Times

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• Why is it called ‘The Middle Ages’?

  It is called ‘The Middle Ages’ since it refers to the period between the end of the Roman Empire and the start of the Renaissance period.

• What was life like in the Middle Ages?

  It was difficult, especially for poorer people. There was widespread was and violence.

• What kind of historical evidence are the ruins of old buildings such as castles, churches and monasteries?

  They are ‘Tactical Primary’ sources.

• What kind of historical evidence are books and letters?

  They are both ‘Primary and Secondary Written’ sources.

• What kind of historical evidence are works of art such as the Bayeaux Tapestry?

  They are ‘Visual Secondary’ sources.

• 6.1 The Feudal System

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• Why was the feudal system needed in the Middle Ages?

  At the time, after the fall of Rome, there was no strong ruler in Europe so war was constant. The local leaders stepped up to offer protection to the peasants and the strongest of them controlled the most land and became kings.

• Why was land important to Feudalism?

  Feudalism was actually a system of land ownership where rulers divided the land up to those loyal to them in return for loyalty and taxes.

• What does the term ‘vassal’ mean?

  A Vassal was a landowner who was given land in return for loyalty and taxes.

• What was a ‘fief’?

  A piece of land that was given by the King or a nobleman in return for loyalty and taxes.

• What was an ‘oath of fealty’?

  It was a promise to fight for the King or a nobleman (or to provide troops if not fight themselves), be loyal and pay taxes.