Read the summary and the most important questions on Artikelen motivatie 2021

• 1 Gieseler et al 2019

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• 6 criteria to evaluate a theory

  Consistency 
  Precision 
  Parsimony 
  Generality 
  Falsifiability 
  Progress

• 2 Gendolla 2012

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• Motivation intensity theory

  Effort should be proportional to the experienced task difficulty as long as success is possible and justified. Only when success is viewed as impossible difficult then effort will be low.

• Two guid principles of MIT

  • Expend your effort only to the degree that is needed 
    
  • Use effort only when the use of it will actually give a benefit that justifies the use 

• What happens when the task difficulty is unknown?

  Effort should be proportional to the importance of success.

• What are the 3 ideas of measuring effort

  1. Self-reports to quantify intensity has been problematic for multiple reasons
     
  1. Vulnerable for influences 
  2. People dont know how hard they are trying
  2. Measuring performance
  1. There is a big disconnect between effort and performance in terms of speed/quality of responses
  3. Physiological measurements also more promising for investigating effort 
  1. effort leads to energization
  2. Draws attention to the cardiovascular system
  1. strong influence of sympathetic nervous system
  2. best indication is heart contraction force & systolic blood pressure & heart rate 

• 3 Keller 2019

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• Mindset theory of action phases  (MAP)

  Challenges that arise in goal pursuit occur in specific phases - therefore, overcoming them requires the activation of certain cognitive procedures. Goal setting and evaluation occurs in motivational phases, while planning and action initiation occurs in volitionl phases. 

• Four phases according to MAP

  1. Predecisional phase 
  2. Preactional phase
  3. Actional phase
  4. Postactional phases

• Which 2 processes of if-then plans mediate the effects of implementation intentions on goal attainment

  1. If-then plans increase the accessibility of the situation
     
  2. Linking the situation to goal-directed responses creates a strong mental link that allows people to initiate the intended response automatically 

• 4 Bernecker & Job

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• People with incremental beliefs will see effort as:

  Necessary and worthwhile for change

• People with entity beliefs see effort as:

  Negative concept that implies a lack of ability