Laursen & Salter (2014) "The paradox of openness: Appropriability, external search and collaboration
25 important questions on Laursen & Salter (2014) "The paradox of openness: Appropriability, external search and collaboration
What is the paradox of openness?
What does this paper explore?
What is an appropriability strategy?
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Which two aspect of firm openness are explored?
- The breadth of the firm's innovation search efforts
- The range of types of partner organizations in formal collaborations for innovation
In which way is focused on the breadth of firms' external search strategies?
Where is the breadth of collaboration with examined?
- Suppliers
- Customers
- Competitors
- Research organizations
- Universities
What does formal innovation enable?
What does formal innovation require?
What is a major problem associated with accessing external sources of knowledge?
How do managers make their firm open?
What do the authors suggest about the firm-level strength of overall appropriability strategy?
Which two related forms of openness are there (building on the emerging literature)?
- External search
- Innovation collaboration
Where can cooperation provide firms access to?
Why is collaboration a "hard" form of openness?
On which appropriability strategies do they focus in this article?
- Patents
- Registration of designs
- Secrecy
- Lead times
- Product complexity
- Trademarks
Why is application of protection mechanisms important for firms?
What is the paradox of disclosure?
What is usually necessary to win the support of external parties or gain access to external knowledge sources?
What are the negative consequences for the possibilities for external collaboration?
What is the strong suggestion that the implications of high levels of appropriability play out differently for hard and soft forms of openness?
In which ways can firms learn from their competitors?
What does indirect learning include?
In which way do many firms make active efforts to track and monitor their competitor's activities?
When are the risks of learning much greater?
What do the authors suggest about working with competitors?
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