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A snapshot of the summary - Behaviors and Ethics - Week 2 EFB MCM
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1 Crane & Matten, 2019
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Where we looked into
normative considerations , how we shouldbehave , we will now look intodescriptive empirical findings , how we actuallybehave . What definition is given fordescriptive ethical theories ?Theory that describes howethical decisions are actually made inbusiness , and explains whatfactors influence theprocess andoutcomes of those decisions. -
In addition to telling us what business people actually do, descriptive ethical theory will also help to explain something else, what?They will help to explain why they do those things.
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1.1 Assigning moral status
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What 3 aspects will objectively decide whether a situation should be assigned moral status, and thus whether a situation consists of an ethical decision?
- The decision is likely to have significant effect on others
- The deicison is likely to be characterized by choice, in that alternative courses of action are open (ethical dilemma)
- The decision is perceived as ethically relevant by one or more parties
- The decision is likely to have significant effect on others
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1.1.1 Models of ethical decision making
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Models ofethical decision makingprimarily seek torepresent two things, the different stages indecision-making that people go through in responding to anethics problem in abusiness context and differentinfluences on thatprocess . What are two further broad perspectives onethical decision making?Rationalist : logicalreasoning approach is followed prior to arriving at an ethicaljudgement Intuititionist /sentimentalist :emotion-based mechanisms orsentiments drive thedecision-making .
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1.1.1.1 Rationalist Perspective
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What are four distinct process components of ethical decision-making from the rationalist perspective?
Awareness : becoming aware that there is a moral issue at stake.Judgement : thedecision-making itself.Intent : moral intent isestablished .- Behavior: acting on these intentions through one's behavior can be referred to as action or implementation.
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What is the
relationship between thenormative theory and theethical decision making?List the 4points in which thisrelationship comes forwardRole ofnormative theory in the stages ofdecision-making isprimarily in relation to moraljudgement - Much of economic and
business theory is largelyestablished somewhat narrowly uponconsequentialism Cost-benefit analysis is extremelyprevalent inorgnaisational decision-making Issue of whether and hownormative theory is used by anindividual decision-maker depends on a range of different factors that influence thedecision-making process
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1.1.1.1.1 Lecture: economic decision-making
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What does such
economic decision-making look like inpractice ?List the 6points mentioned in thelecture .- People
care about theireconomic interest - People consider the
interests of peopleclose to them - People will
sacrifice their owneconomic interest to help those wo arefriendly andpunish unfriendly people - People consider the
welfare ofstrangers when makingdecision - People are interested in their
reputation - People
care about theself-image
- People
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1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Lecture: ethical challenges
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List 5 examples of ethical challenges that have been given in the lecture.
- Standing up to power
- Made a promise (and the world has changed)
- Intervention
- Conflicts of interest
- Suspicions without enough evidence
- Standing up to power
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1.1.1.1.2 Influences on ethical decision-making
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What are the two influences on ethical decision making?
Individual factors : uniquecharacteristics of the individual making thedecision ; includingfactors given by birth (e.g., age & gender) and thoseacquired by experience andsocialization (e.g.,education ,personality ,attitutudes )Situational factors : particular features of thecontext that influence whether the individual will make anethical or anunethical decision ; includesfactors associated with the workcontext and the issue itself
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1.1.1.1.2.1 Understandng ethical decision-making
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What does the decision-making process look like when visualised?At the top and bottom you find the individual and situation factors. In the middel you find the stages in the ethical-decision making process.
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