Read the summary and the most important questions on Bilingualisme

• 1 Introduction

• What are the reasons for being bilingual?

  Multicultural and multilingual societies
  Migration
  (Intentional choice)

• 1.2 Types of bilingualism

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• What is sequential bilingual?

  Bilingual after 3 years of age

• 1.3.1 Does bili lead to structural brain changes?

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• Does bilingualisme lead to structural brain changes?

  Yes

• 1.3.2 Which language(s) is/are active in the bilingual brain?

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• Which language(s) is/are active in the bilingual brain?

  All languages

• 1.3.3 How does the bilingual brain distinguish and control which language is in use?

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• How does the bilingual brain distinguish and control which language is in use?

  Language control mechanism ->inhibitory control

• Same/ different active brain regions?

  - Highly proficient bilinguals = activation same brain regions
  - Second language later in life = activation broader (breder) (partially overlapping) brain regions.

• 1.3.4 Does bili lead to cognitive (dis)advantage(s)?

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• Does bili lead to cognitive (dis)advantage(s)?

  Inconclusive

• Explain the burdensome (belastend)  <1960

  - Bad thing
  - Causes confussion 
  - Causes inequalities (ongelijkheid) in learning and resulting intelligence  
  - Correlates  with lower iq, cognitive deficiencies and mental retardation 
  
  = Bilingualism = not good

• Explain advantages hypothesis >1960

  Change in researchers point of view <-> public at large
  - Consideration of influencing / determing factors
  - SES / proficiency level
  - BI > MO on metalinguistic tasks
  
  = Bilingualism = not sure

• What are the core components?

  - Impulsive control
  - Cognitive flexibility
  - Working memory