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A snapshot of the summary - brain in trouble
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Etiology of brain disorders
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What is the problem with most brain disorders?They are very complex, multifactorial disorders
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What should etiological models for psychiatric diseases need to be?Pluralistic or multilevel
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What is the problem with the nature vs nurture discussion?Dichotomy should be broken down, but the brain should be viewed as in constant interaction with environment, society and culture.
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Why are more molecular abnormalities not more penetrant at behavorial level?Multiple genes complementary/redundant effects
Risk genes are not necessary sufficient to cause mental illness
Combination with environmental risk factors -
What are pre/perinatal risk factors?Maternal stress
Maternal nutritional deficiency
Maternal use of tobacco
Birth complications
Perinatal nutritional deficiency
Maternal separation -
What is the circuit of the HPA axis?Cortisol binds to glucocorticoid receptor
GR acts as transcription factor and can alter gene expression
GR in hypothalamus, hypophysis and hippocampus: negative feedback loop shuts down CRF loop -
What happens in early life stress with the HPA axis?life long overactive(=less GR=less negative feedback to shut system down)
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how does parentl care influence the activity of the neural systems that regulate stress reactivity and cognition in offspring?Through epigenetic regulation of gene expression
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Addiction is a brain disease
This is a preview. There are 22 more flashcards available for chapter 02/10/2015
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What are key characteristics of drug addiction?A chronic disease process that develops into a relatively rigid pattern of behavior.
Compulsive use of a substance
High probability of relapse
Difficulty stopping -
What is the most harmful drug in our society? What was a substantial contributor to compiling the list?Alcohol
Drug specific mortality and economic cost
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