Read the summary and the most important questions on Bristol Notes

• 1 Introduction

• 1.1 What is Orthodontics?

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• First description of malocclusion?

  Precise timing unknown
  Ancient Greeks were describing irregularities of the teeth as long ago as 400BC

• First description of orthodontic treatment?

  The Romans, notably Celsus, described the use of finger pressure to move teeth

• Earliest fixed appliance?

  Fauchard's Bandeau of 1726, a metallic arch tied to the labial/buccal surfaces of the teeth using fibrous ligatures

• Start of modern-day orthodontics?

  Edward Angle:
  E-Arch (1900)
  Pin and Tube (1910)
  Ribbon Arch (1915)
  Edgewise appliance (1925)
  
  Raymond Begg:
  Begg appliance (1950)
  
  Laurence Andrews:
  Preadjusted Edgewise or Straightwire appliance (1972)

• 2 Occlusion and Malocclusion

• 2.1 Occlusion

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• Bennett and McLaughlin's 7th key of occlusion?

  Correct tooth size

• Andrews six keys? (Ref)

  Correct molar relationship
  Correct crown angulation
  Correct crown inclination
  No spacing (tight interproximal contacts)
  No rotations
  Flat occlusal plane
  
  Andrews 1972 AJO
  Based on 120 'non-orthodontic norms'

• Are all 6 keys of occlusion normally achieved? (ref)

  Orthodontically treated occlusions seldom achieve all occlusal keys
  
  Kattner & Schneider, 1993 - Roth vs standard edgewise appliance tx results

• 'Ideal' functional occlusion? (ref)

  • Features not conclusively established (Clark & Evans, 2001 - Functional occlusion: a review, JO)
  • Post-orthodontic patients did not exhibit ideal occlusal relationships (Clark & Evans, 1998 - Functional occlusal relationship in post-ortho pts

• Should articulators routinely be used in orthodontics? (ref)

  Articulation of study models did not affect 10 orthodontists' treatment planning decisions in a meaningful manner
  (Ellis & Benson, 2003)

• Are non-working side interferences common in the general population? (refs)

  Majority of the population (91%) have non-working side contacts in random samples
  
  

  • Sadowsky & BeGole, 1980 - Long-term status of TMJ and functional occlusion after ortho treatment.

  
  

  • Tipton & Rinchuse, 1991 - relationship between static occlusion and functional occlusion