Fundamentals of Business Process management - D: Advanced
16 important questions on Fundamentals of Business Process management - D: Advanced
How do activities start?
BPMN Service Task: service provider is asumed to begin the function immediately upon invocation
How are activities completed?
- the thing that triggers the flow out of an activity
- a subprocess is completed when all its parallel paths have reached an end
Abnormal completion
- interruption of an activity or a subprocess by various exceptional conditions
- internal state of an activity is invisible to the model reader
- use events attached to boundary of task to model abnormal completion
- exception flow happens immediately, normal flow does not get executed.
NOTE
- events & gateways have no performers, these are control logic elements.
- These are assumed to execute immediately & instantaneously
What are BPMN subprocesses
- enable top-down modelling
- clarify governance boundaries
- scope event handling
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What is a CALL activity?
Drawn as subprocess with a thick border
'independent' subprocess
What is an BPMN Event sub-process
- is not part of the normal flow of its parent process, there are no incoming or outgoing sequence flows
- the sub process has a start event with a trigger. each time the start event is triggered while the parent process is active, then the event sub process will start.
- can be interrupting or non interrupting
What are repetition activities?
- same as an activity followed by a loop-back gateway
Multi-instance = for.....
- in parallel or sequential
What is a Multi-instance task?
What is an advanced BPMN event?
- indication that something has happened
- they affect (start, pause, end) the flow of the process
- the process may send and receive events
3 types based on when they affect the flow
- start: indicates process start
- end: indicates where it ends
- intermediate: between start and end
+- 63 different types, zie formularium
What is a start event?
Indicates where the process starts
usually just one, but not required
Can be non-interrupting for event sub-process
Trigger = what causes the event
- any = unspecified
- message = external signal directed to this specific process
- timer = scheduled process
- conditional = watched data condition
- signal = external signal broadcasted to any listener
- multiple = any of above
How are start events properly set up?
If no start event
- any activity, intermediate event or gatewat with no incoming arrow is enabled and can start
= implicit start event + implicit parallel gateway
More than one start even can be used for channel dependent starts
What does a terminate event do?
How does an intermediate event work in BPMN?
Placement
- in sequence flow
- boundary = attached to an activity
Boundary Event border style
- full = interrupting
- dashed = non-interrupting
Filled or empty symbol
- filled = throwing
- empty = catching
all boundary events are of catching type
How are intermediate events used
throwing = process generates the trigger signal
catching = process waits for the trigger signal and then proceeds
Interrupting: attached to an activity
- if event doesnt occur then follow normal flow
- the activity defines the scope of the event
Non interrupting: attached to an activity
- on occourence of the event, follow the exception flow
- in any case follow normal flow
- the activity defines the scope of the event
How do throwing and catching work?
Error and cancel throw-catch only end from an end-event of a subprocess to the boundary of that subprocess
Escalation throw-catch can be thrown as intermediate event or as end event to the boundary of the same subprocess
Error
- immediately ends process level
- propagates error to parent level
- result is caught by intermediate event attached to boundary
Escalation
- similar, also non-interrupting
Cancel
- similar, interrupting
- only used in transactions
Signal can communicate within a pool and across pools
What modelling alternatives are there?
- terminate events
- boundary events
- event sub-processes
Simiar constructs to model nearly do the same thing
- decision and rules
- sending and receiving messages
- automated tasks
How are decisions and rules set up?
No clear guidelines on how to combine the two paradigms together however
Little support for rules in BPMN
Business rules should be defined independently of the process in which they are used
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