Read the summary and the most important questions on CASE 3: ''Blood.... Quo Vadis?''

• 1 How to measure blood pressure?

• What does the white coat effect have to do with inaccurate blood measurements?

  The different blood pressure during normal day time and clinic time due to anxiety or conditioned response.

• What are the sounds a doctor hears in the upper-arm artery with a sphygmomanometer?

  Little thumping noises, called Korotkoff sounds

• What are the three different methods to measure blood pressure?

  • Auscultatory method
    
  • Oscillometric method
  • Finger cuff method from Penaz

• 1.2.2 Capillary

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• What does a precapillary sphincter do?

  It regulates the flow through a capillary network.

• Fenestrated capillary (with diaphragm)

  Endothelial cells has fenestrae, which allows passage of macromolecules. Basal lamina is continuous.
  Found in kidney, intestinal tract and endocrine glands.

• 2 Blood pressure regulation

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• Darcy's law of flow

  F = dP/R
  F = flow
  dP = blood pressure gradient
  R = resistance

• What are the three different types of vessels, from least leaky to leakiest?

  1. Continuous
     
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Sinusoid

• What structures do the 3 types of capillaries have in common?

  Basal membrane

• What are the 3 layers that are divided by the elastic membranes in an artery?

  • Tunica intima
    
  • Tunica media
  • Tunica adventitia

• 2.1 Regulation of cardiac output

• Regulation of CO (vasoconstriction arteriole)

  = higher resistance and higher pressure
  Regultion: higher MAP (mean arterial pressure) --> baroreceptors fire --> baroreceptor reflex --> decreased cardiac output.
  high resistance x low CO = MAP restored