Read the summary and the most important questions on CASE 7: A little tale from long, long ago

• 1 What is the structure and function of mitochondria?

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• What is the main function of the folded membrane, called cristae, in the mitochondria?

  To give a greater surface area for chemical reactions to happen.

• What is the mitochondrial DNA containing 37 genes good for?

  The production of mitochondrial-specific proteins.

• 2 How is energy produced in mitochondria?

• After food molecules enter the matrix of the mitonchondrion, how does energy in the form ATP produce?

  1. Acetyl-COA
     
  2. Citric acid cycle
  3. Oxidative phosphorylation

• 2.1 Citric acid cycle

• After Acetyl-COA is put in the citric acid cycle, what kind of high energy electrons will the cycle harvest?

  • NADH
    
  • FDH2
  • ATP or GTP

• 2.2.1 Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase

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• What does the NADH dehydrogenase in complex I do with the produced electrons in the oxidative phosphorylation?

  NADH --> NAD+ & H+

• 2.2.2 Complex II: Fumerate reductase

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• Complex II contains succinate dehydrogenase, which transforms succinate into reductase. During this process, FADH2 is formed. What does FADH2 do?

  It passes electrons to ubiquinol

• 2.2.3 Complex III: Cytochrome bc1 complex

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• Where do the protons that arrive in complex III get pumped to?

  The intermembrane space

• 2.2.4 Complex IV: Cytochrome c complex

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• What does complex IV do after receiving the electrons that were passed on through cytochrome c?

  Bind them to O2, forming H2O

• 2.2.5 Complex V: ATP synthase

• Complex V will pump protons to the matrix forming, togheter with ADP, how many ATP?

  28 to 32

• 3 The effect of dinitrophenol in mitochondria?

• If DNP stops the ATP production by letting the proton moving force collapse. What is produced in ATP's place?

  Heat