Read the summary and the most important questions on Case 7 Smart but smelly, straight from the belly

• 1 Brief overview of gut microbiota

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• What are the five dominant bacterial phyla in the human gut?

  The dominant bacterial phyla in the human gut are:

  • Firmicutes
  • Bacteroidetes
  • Actinobacteria
  • Proteobacteria
  • Verrucomicrobia

• How many bacteria and archaea species are prevalent in the human gut?

  1100 species are prevalent in the human gut. 

• How many species of bacteria does one indivual have in ones gut?

  One individual has approximately 160 bacteria species.

• What are the beneficial functions of gut microbiota to the host?

  The beneficial functions of gut microbiota to the host are:

  • digestion of otherwise indigestible plant polysaccharides
  • physiological and phtological interactions with the host such as
  • development of the mucosal and systemic immune system
  • regeneration of the intestinal epithelium

• 1.1 Development of microbiota from childhood to adulthood

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• What are the first microbiota that colonize a childs gut during/after birth?

  The childs gut is colonized at birth, when it is exposed to:

  • maternal vaginal microbiota
  • maternal gastrointestinal microbiota
  • microbes in the surrounding environment

• Which colonize the infant gut within hours of delivery?

   Facultative aerobes colonize infant gut within hours of delivery.

• Which colonize the infant gut within the first few weeks?

  Within the first few weeks, oxygen in the gut is deprived and the aerobes are replaced by strict anaerobes.

• What is the difference between infact and adult microbiota?

  Infant microbiota shows more variability between individuals and

  harbors fewer microbial species with less stability over time.

• How does the microbiota develope in the first few years of life?

  In the first few years of life the diversity and biome stability rapidly increase.

• What other factors, besides age, influence the development of microbiota?

  Other factors that influence the development of microbiota are:

  • fever/illness
  • initiation of plant-based complementary foods
  • antibiotic exposure