Read the summary and the most important questions on CASE 8: Ossubocco

• 1 Muscle tissue

• 1.1.1 The Mysea

• Skeletal muscle is wrapped by a connective tissue called epimysium, this epimysium is dense and irregular. It has two functions. What are these functions?

  • Separate muscle from other tissues
    
  • Maintaining structural integrity

• Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibres are organized into bundles, called a fascicle. These are also covered by a layer of connective tissue, called perimysium. What is the function of perimysium?

  Allows nervous system to trigger a specific movement

• Inside each fascicle, muscle fibres are wrapped by again, a layer of connective tissue, called endomysium. What does it contain?

  The extracellular fluid and nutrients to support the muscle

• 1.1.2 Sarcomella

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• Sarcomella have a smooth reticulum, like normal cells, only this SR is specialized in storing, retrieving and transmitting Ca++ ions. What is this SR called?

  Skeletal Reticulum

• 1.1.3 Sarcomere

• The sarcomere is the functional unit of the skeletal muscle, it contains 2 myofilaments, what are these?

  Thin filament (actin, troponin and tropomyosin) and thick filament (myosin)

• When the muscle contracts, which zone will be smaller and which line will almost disappear?

  H-zone and M-line

• 1.2 Smooth muscle

• How does smooth muscle contracts one the thin filaments pass the thick filaments?

  1. They pull on the dense bodies
     
  2. Which pulls on the intermediate filaments
  3. Ends are pulled to the middle
  4. Corkscrew motion

• Some smooth muscles need to be activated for a long time without using ATP. This happens when myosin heads and actin are connected by .....

  Latch-bridges

• Single-unit smooth muscle (visceral muscle) has muscle fibres that are connected by gap junctions in order to contract as a single unit. It can therefore have a stress-relaxation response, what does this do?

  That once the muscle contracts, it immediately relaxes for the muscle to save up resources.

• Multiunit smooth muscle doesn't possess gap junctions, so it can not contract as a single unit by having the trigger go from cell to cell. How can it contract than?

  By contracting one cell only.