(Un)certainty in hydrological modeling: the perceptual model
11 important questions on (Un)certainty in hydrological modeling: the perceptual model
What is the definition of a model?
A hypothesis/theory of how a system works, codified in quantitative terms.
Explain what the different model types contain: perceptual, conceptual, procedural, calibration/sensitivity analysis, evaluation
Conceptual model: deciding on the equations
Procedural model: get code running on a computer
Calibration / sensitivity analysis: identify parameters, estimate uncertainty
evaluation: compare output with observersations
What is the soil topographic index, developed by the creators of TOPmodel?
High index values will saturate first and therefore indicating potential (sub)surface contributing areas. So areas can be variable in contributing to flow > account spatial distribution in catchment response for various altitudes. (min 18)
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
Why is calibration of models usually done?
2. To make the model more accurate (Hollander et al)
What devastating results did Hollander et al find at Chicken Creek (artificial catchment with homogeneous slope, K, etc)
What is the main result from Hollander et al at Chicken Creek?
Check quote slide 22
What drives model selection: adequacy or legacy?
Variable of interest, spatial scale, landscape, temporal scale do not explain why model was used. We do not choose model based on research question, but based on legacy. We take the models that we know.
Why is model selection based on a legacy a system that works and continues to work?
- Experience: very useful asset, e.g. You recognize weird behaviour and bugs and set-up and interpretation of results become more easy.
- Modelling ecosystem: unis or research institutes have entire infrastructure set up to work with a certain model (instead of taking days-weeks to prepare good input data). It can overcome mistakes and make work faster.
- Conventional approach bias: phenomenom in science: conventional approaches are generally more appreciated - easier to publish if it generally accepted.
Do we miss opportunities because of the prevalence of legacy in model selection?
- Most adequate for research questions: this remains unknown. Only way to know if your model is adequate, is comparing
- Parallel development: each research institute has their own model and invests in e.g. A snow parameterisation
Model frameworks - do not build one big model, but just building blocks of models (lego's)
What are main conclusions from the perceptual model lecture?
- Deciding on the processes or selecting an off-the-shelf model is the first step in modelling
- Defining the perceptual model/selecting a model is a subjective procedure
- But important, becuase it determines the outcome fo the study
Try our study magic for free
a PDF, study it super fast
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- AI makes unlimited flashcards
- Get unlimited quizzes and tests
- Ask AI anything
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- Have and keep perfect overview
- Make flashcards, notes and mind maps
- Review, test and score!
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
