Kidneys - Parts of the Nephron

17 important questions on Kidneys - Parts of the Nephron

What substances do the parts of the nephron take back as much as possible?

- All glucose
- a lot of water
- Na+
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What do 15-20% of human nephrons have?

15-20% of human nephrons have long loops
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What can human nephrons do?

Can increase urine osmolarity 4x plasma
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Which loops do kangaroo rats have and how much plasma?

All long loops - 12x plasma
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Which loops do freswater fishes have and how much plasma?

All short loops - dilute urine
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What happends in the dista convoluted tubule?

Specialized secretion and reabsorption
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What happends within specialized secretion and reabsorption?

  • Hormone mediated regulation of uptake of solutes and water
  • Reabsorb Na+ in response to aldosterone
  • Secretes excess K+ 
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What is the function of the collecting duct?

The collecting duct is the main site of hormone-regulated H2O reabsorption
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To which hormone do the parts of the nephron respond?

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
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How is the anti diruetic hormone (ADH) also known?

ADH is also known as Vasopressin
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What happends when ADH is not present?

When ADH is not present will it be impermeable (ondoordringbaar) for H2O
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Which substance reduces (verminderd) production of ADH

Alcohol
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What are influences by less production of ADH?

- less water reabsorbed
- more water lost with urine than wanted
- becoming thirsty
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How does the Nephron regulates pH of urine?

Nephron regulates pH of urine by transport of H+ , HCO3- and ammonia
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What do CI-/HCO3- do?

CI-/HCO3- exhangers recover (wisselaars recupereren) CI- while alkalinizing primary urine
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What does the loop of henle establishes (vaststellen)?

The loop of Henle establishes a concentration gradient (hellingshaak) in medulla
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What is permeable (doorlaatbaar) in the decending limb (aflopende/dalende richting)

Permeable to H2O not Na+
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