Agriculture and Industry - Nitrogen chemistry
20 important questions on Agriculture and Industry - Nitrogen chemistry
What are the advantages and disadvantages of adding ammonium salts to the soil?
adv: it provides nutrients for the plants
disadv: since they are soluble they are easily washed away by rain (called eutrophication) = a waste in resources
How can you increase the concentration of nitrate (v) ions in soil? (without growing legumes)
Plough in manure or green manure crop
What processess remove nutrients e.g. nitrogen compounds from the soil? (name two)
- plant growth (crops)
- leaching
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Which type of soil bacteria carries out oxidation?
nitrifying bacteria - it produces nitrate (v) = the highest oxidation state
Why are both phosphorus and nitrogen compounds added to soil?
They are soluble and improve soil fertility
What is nitrogen (II) oxide?
A free radical
What are the properties and appearances of ammonium nitrate (v)?
- white solid
- ionic bonding
-solution in water = conducts as the ions are free to move
What are the properties and appearances of nitric (v) acid?
Liquid at room temperature - they hydrogen bonding raises the boiling point
What are the properties and appearances of nitrogen (II) oxide, NO and where does it come from?
- colourless gas
- comes from thunderstorms and combustion.
What are the properties and appearances of nitrogen (IV) oxide, NO2?
- brown, toxic gas
- can be formed oxidising NO
What are the properties and appearances of dinitrogen oxide, N2O? What other name is it given?
- laughing gas
-colorless
Name the 8 steps of the nitrogen cycle.
1. adding nitrogen to the soil
2. nitrification
3. further oxidation by nitrobactor
4, 5, 6 & 7. denitrification
8. losing nitrogen to soil
State whether oxidation or reduction occurs in:
1. nitrification
2.further oxidation by nitrobactor
3. formation of nitrate (V) from nitric acid
4. the Ostwald process (making nitric acid)
1. oxidation
2. oxidation
3.neither
4.oxidation
What does nitrogen compounds does denitrification form?
dinitrogen (II) oxide, nitrogen (II) oxide
What are the properties and appearances of dinitrogen, N2?
-colourless gas at room temperature
- simple molecular
- insoluble in water - non polar, cannot form hydrogen bonds with water.
What is nitrogen's highest oxidation state and what is its lowest?
+5 to -3
Write an equation and describe what you would see if nitrogen (II) oxide was mixed with air.
2NO (g) + O2 (g) *arrow* 2NO2 (g)
Gas turns from colourless to brown
Nitrous acid decomposes to give nitrogen monoxide & nitric acid. When this reaction occurs in a test tube, the colourless NO turns brown near the top of the tube, why?
It has been oxidised by oxygen.
What is the systematic name for nitrous oxide, N2O?
Dinitrogen (I) oxide
Suggest one reason why denitrification is a problem for crop production.
Plants need nitrogen to grow - denitrification stunts growth.
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