Early warnings and conflict prevention
24 important questions on Early warnings and conflict prevention
In his Agenda for Peace, UN Secretary-General Boutros defined conflict prevention. The influential Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict similarly identified three broad aims. Define those three aims:
- To prevent the emergence of violent conflict.
- To prevent ongoing conflicts from spreading.
- To prevent the re-emergence of violence.
In the event that negotiations fail to find an agreed way of resolving the dispute, parties have the option of pursuing conflict but limiting their behaviour to avoid violence. Which two types of means are described:
- Institutionalized practices. > Law, parliamentary decisions, elections and general political campaigning.
- Informal methods.
80% of the countries which will have political crises in two years time show the following indicators:
- High levels of discrimination.
- Regime change.
- Infant mortality.
- Presence of armed conflicts in neighbouring states.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
Over the last 10 years, the United States, the United Kingdom and soms international organizations who have taken up the challenge of devloping early warning system have converged one main indicator of early warning. What is that main indicator?
Disputes are close to the point of violence. What happens?
A wide range of policy options are in principle availible for direct prevention. Name a few official diplomacy options:
- Mediation.
- Conciliation (verzoening).
- Fact-finding.
- Good officers..
- Peace conferences.
- Envoys (gezanten).
A wide range of policy options are in principle availible for direct prevention. Name a few on-official diplomacy options:
- Private mediation.
- Message-carrying.
- Creation of back-channels.
- Peace commissions.
- Problem-solving workships.
- Conflict resolution training.
The effort to resolve a conflict is at the heart of prevention. It involves identifying the key issues, clearing mistrust and misperceptions, and exploring feasible outcomes that bridge the opposing positions of the parties. What is the key issue?
Describe the four types of prevention:
- Deep prevention.
- Early warnings.
- Light prevention.
- Diplomacy.
What does conflict prevention mean?
- The avoidance of armed conflicts.
- The containment of existing armed conflicts.
- The non-recurrence of ended armed conflicts.
Stages of prevention. What stages belong in the avoidance stage of prevention? Before it turns violent.
- Difference.
- Contradiction.
- Polarization.
Stages of prevention. What stages belong in the containment stage of prevention? During war to prevent intensification, prolongation and spread of conflict.
- Violence.
- War.
- Ceasefire.
Stages of prevention. What stages belong in the non-recurrence stage of prevention? After a ceasefire-agreement, preventing relapse.
- Agreement.
- Normalization.
- Reconciliation.
What is addressed in deep-prevention?
Describe the contexts of deep prevention:
- Reducing inequalities in social,
- Economic.
- Or political opportunities.
Describe the structures of deep prevention:
- Creating legitimate institutions through which (non-violent) conflicts can be dealt with.
Describe the relations of deep prevention:
- Improving the quality of inter-group interactions.
How can we enhance deep prevention?
- Involvement, in, and of, international organizations. > Independence, common interests and goals.
- National and local economic, social, and political development. > Escape the conflict trap.
- Implementation of rule of law. > Accountibility.
Describe the phenonmenon of liberal peace:
The problem is not early warning, but it is an early response. Which factors make this response difficult?
- Mobilizing political resources can be difficult when the case is not (yet) "burning".
- Difficult to show results of prevention.
- State sovereignty.
Describe light prevention:
There are three ways to enhance light prevention. What are those three ways?
- Official diplomacy. > By states and international organizations.
- Non-official diplomacy - by NGOs, development agencies, influential social actors, civil society.
- Grassroots conflict prevention. > Initiatives of NGOs, churches, communities.
Official diplomacy - by states and international organizations (UN, EU), diplomats. What type of diplomacy is described here?
Grassroots conflict prevention. > Local community leaders, mediating local conflict. What type of diplomacy is described here?
Try our study magic for free
a PDF, study it super fast
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- AI makes unlimited flashcards
- Get unlimited quizzes and tests
- Ask AI anything
- No sign up, email or credit card needed!
- Have and keep perfect overview
- Make flashcards, notes and mind maps
- Review, test and score!
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
