Species range shifts
19 important questions on Species range shifts
What is a niche?
What plays a role in defining the niche of all species?
What is niche tracking?
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What is mean by species area?
- Range is determined by the spatial distribution of individual populations
By what can range shits be driven?
- By short climatic extremes such as freezing
What is the process with coral?
- The algae photosynthesize and pass nutrients to the coral host
- The coral provides a physical structure that protects the algae + keeps them in sunlight for photosynthese
What happens when corals are exposed to high water temperatures?
- Without the photosynthesis the corals lose their colour and only their calcium carbonate skeleton stays visible
Where do corals live? And why is this important?
- As the atmosphere warmed -> some is transferred to the surface of the ocean -> resulting in warmed mean ocean temperatures near the surface
What were the first changes on land?
- Population in the south and lowlands were disappearing very fast, but in the north they weren't disappearing
- Continuing this trend would leadto loss of lowland/southern range and an increase in the poleward
What are the options species have faced with climate change?
- Adapt
- Die
How are artic/antartic species affected?
-The artic fox which is retreating northward, because the red fox also goes north
What happens with a decline in sea ice?
(salp increase -> decline in krill)
What happend in the Sierra Nevada mountains?
When do range shifts occur?
- Warming period: Poleward shifts
- Cooling period: Shift away from the poles
What regio is sensitive to climate change and why?
- Species have narrower fitness tolerances to temperature.
How do you measure the impact of climate change?
What are the first expected shifts?
- When ice cover declines -> more species can colonize -> and species typical of these shore habititats increase in number
What is an example with fresh water changes?
- Basal metabolism accelerates with higher temperature -> less room for metabolism directed at swimming + other activities
Which species also undergo changes next to native/endemic species?
- Pests
- Pathogens
- Example: Mosquitoes -> ectothermic -> sensititive to climate -> higher temperature in colder areas -> range expansion
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