Read the summary and the most important questions on Cognitive Psychology | 9780077122669 | Gilhooly; Dittrich; Lyddy; Pollick

• 1 Introduction

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• how do we call principles of internal representations of concepts of the external reality?

  mental representations.

• how do we call a learning device used to aid memory?

  a mnemonic

• what is a key feature for mnemonic techniques?

  imagination.

• which mnemonic technique is described; remembering a set of concepts by making visual representations for these objects and placing these representations along a familiar route?

  method of loci.

• which mnemonic technique is described; when learning a new language, making an association between a new word from L2, and a word from L1, and making a visual representation of this association.

  the keyword method.

• which mnemonic technique is described; when learning a set of numbers represent each number with a letter or sound of a letter in a logical way, like n stands for two because it has two sticks and m or w stands for 3 for the same reason. this way a word or longer sound is created from a set of numbers.

  the phonetic number system, or the major system.

• how do we call the philosophical school which holds that all knowledge comes from experience?

  empiricism.

• how do we call a linkage between mental contents so that activation of one content activates the linked contents.

  associations.

• how do concepts become associated with each other?

  - if they're close together in time, so the concepts occur right after each other every time, like dinner and dessert
  - or if the concepts are close in space, chimney and roof can be associated with each other
  - if there's a relationship of similarity between the two like a cup and a mug.

• why is using introspection criticized?

  • it can only be used with people who are trained to introspect, so no research o animals, children, and people with mental disabilities.
  • reporting what you are thinking while solving a problem can be distracting, thus introspection could be a confound.
  • even trained subjects don't have access to all cognitive processes
  • experiments by Wundt were hard to replicate in other labs.