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A snapshot of the summary - Consciousness An Introduction
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1 What's the problem?
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1.1 What's the world made of?
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To what is the problem of
consciousness related?Themind-body problem: what is the relationship between the physical and mental? (impossible dualism) -
How can your sensations be related to real existing objects in space?Everyone has a
different sticking point, which isfundamental to all the questions about what makes you you -
1.2 Consciousness in philosophy
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Into what can the problem of consciousness be divided?
- Monist
theories : there is only one kind of stuff in the world
Dualist theories : which propose two kinds of stuff
- Monist
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Which version of dualism is the best known and from who is it?Cartesian dualism from René Descartes: I think, therefore I am
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According to Descartes, on which kinds of stuff does the world consists?
- Extended stuff: of which physical bodies are made
- Unextended stuff: thinking stuff of which minds are made
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What is on the contrary of substance dualism? Explain.Property
dualism ordual-aspect theory
Propertydualism says the world is composed only of one kind: the physical. But it can be described using mental or physical terms. -
What is the problem of substance dualism?How the mind interacts with the body when the two are made of different substances. The interaction has the be in both directions.
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What’s Gilbert Ryle’s vision about dualism?1949 - Substance dualism does not work.
He thought that many philosophical problems are caused by misuses of language. We don’t know how to talk about mind, so we talk about cause and effect in a negative way. But then we are putting the mind into the wrong category: material instead of non-material. He tried to find a middle way between dualism and behaviourism. -
What does Alva Noë says about consciousness?Consciousness is not something that happens in us. It is something we do. How we think about the mind, self or soul, influences each other. The question is: what is the relationship between mind and matter?
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What is the cartesian theatre?Imagining that being conscious is like being the audience of the show on the stage of a special mental theatre.
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