Read the summary and the most important questions on Consciousness & Control

• Lecture 1: Attention (hannes)

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• What is the difference between overt and covert attention?

  
  Overt attention --> Change body perspective to stimuli
  Covert attention --> Change attention without external changes, while maintaining fixation

• What happens during the cocktailparty effect?

  Capture through unattended infromation though something that stands out. E.g. your name

• What are the findings from the dichotic listening experiment?

  People can't reproduce an unattended auditory stream after attending another stream simultaniously.

• What are the findings from the Posner cueing task?

  
  1. Attention improves reaction time
  2. Larger visual evoked action potentials in P1

• What does it mean when a cue 'captures' attention?

  A sudden cue 'claims' your attention to a certain location on a screen, even when you are aware that this location is mostly invalid.

• Does attention always improve your reaction time? If not, why?

  No, the posner cueing task showed that when you delay the target after showing a prime (which captures your attention), your reaction time will decrease (read: gets slower) when this interval is > 300 ms. Why? --> action potential recently fired, and need some time to recover.

• Explain the object based attention concept?

  Research has shown that when cueing in/on an object, leads to faster response when the target is on the same object then when the target is on a different object. This only occurs when the object are actually perceived.

• Lecture 1: Attention

  This is a preview. There are 91 more flashcards available for chapter 12/11/2019
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• What does the Posner cuing task show?

  - Attention  --> Faster reation times
  - Larger amplitude action potentials

• What is inhibition of return in an attentional capture task?

  Time between prime & Target > 300ms --> 
  Valid trials longer RT
  Invalid trials shorter RT

• Attentional capture & Inhibition of return are expressed at the neural level as:

  - Attentional capture: Increase in sensory responses
  - Inhibition of return:  Decrease in sensory responses
  
  These have the same spatial distribution as voluntary attention effects.