Read the summary and the most important questions on Creating a safe operating space for iconic ecosystems

• 1 Introduction

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• What phenomenon occurs when an ecosystem react to climate change in a highly nonlinear way?

  It shows little response until a threshold or tipping point is reached. A small happening can then result in a collapse of the system from which recovery is difficult

• How can the critical climate level for a specific ecosystem be altered?

  By managing local conditions

• What are the pro's of management of local stressors?

  They are more conductive to action because of their clarity and scale

• What is meant by the term "safe operating space"?

  The "space" within the safe boundaries of global stressors the world's ecosystem can handle.

• 2 Local and feasable

• Can the management of local stressors be the sole sollution against the negative impacts of climate change?

  No, some impacts of climate change cannot be compensated with only local management.

• Give some examples of the building of climate resilience in ecosystems

  -control of local sources to ocean acidification
  -management of grazing pressure on dry ecosystems
  -management of nutrition load in lakes to compensate for increasing water temperature

• What synergy influences the tipping of a lake ecosystem into encroachment of floating plants or a dominance by toxic cyanobacteria?

  The synergy between nutrientload and watertemperature

• What oportunity does the synergy between nutrientrichness and temperature provide for the management of lake ecosystems?

  The rise in watertemperature as a result of climate change can be compensated by reducing the nutrients in the water.

• What examples are given regarding feasible local management in the article of Scheffer et al.?

  -lake ecosystems- controlling the nutrientlevels to compensate for rise in temperature
  -coral reefs- controlling fishing pressure and water quality to promote the recovery from coral bleaching and to prevent takeover by seaweed.
  -tropical rainforest- promoting the maintenance of forest cover (reducing logging, deforestation and fire) to promote ecosystem resilience regarding temperature rise and variablility in rainfall.

• 3 World heritage at risk

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• Which iconic heritage sites are used to illustrate failure of local management to promote ecosystem resilience?

  -Doñana wetlands Spain
  -Great barrier reef
  -Amazon rainforest