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A snapshot of the summary - Current Topics: Introduction to Sport and Performance Psychology
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What is the definition of sport psychology?Sport psychology is the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise contexts and the practical application of that knowledge.
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What are the objectives of sport psychology?
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objectives of sport psychology have roughly twocomponents ; - Psychological
factors ; everything we already know about psychology. - Physical and motor performance;
- the two objective
tracts sport psychology contains are; - the influence of psychological
factors on Physical and motor performance. - the influence of Physical and motor performance on psychological factors
- The
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What is the definition of performance psychology?Performance psychology is the study that investigates psychological factors as a starting point to understand human performance where performance is defined as achieving goals.
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What is a goal?Something a person is consciously and deliberately trying to accomplish
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In what ways do goals increase performance?goals cause
- Directing attention
- helps focussing attention on what is necessary to achieve the goal.
- regulating effort
- energy is a limited resource. When a goal is set we can determine how much time and effort we need to spend on different components in orter to achieve the goal.
- prolonging persistence
- having a measurable goal causes us to have measurable progress, which can be a motivating factor to continue.
- developing new strategies
- thinking about a goal enables one to determine strategies specifically to achieve that goal instead of simply using a more general, less efficient strategy
- Directing attention
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Name an example of a neuroscientific research within sport psychology.
- Swimmers we're looking at videos of their own failures while being recorded in an fMRI scanner.
- after watching the video, researchers tried to identify changes in regional cerebral activity associated with negative affect after viewing a video of a personal competitive failure
- also, the swimmers received a short corgnitive intervention before watching the video in the scanner again, to see if there're any neural correlates from this.
- sadness ratings were recorded after watching the videos both times.
- the results were that the swimmers were less sad after the cognitive intervention, (could be confounded by repeated viewing.)
- Swimmers we're looking at videos of their own failures while being recorded in an fMRI scanner.
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Describe a research cycle
- Propose a research question
- reformulate into a hypothesis
- Choose a research method
- collect data
- analyze data
- develop a theory.
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How do we call an organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomenaA theory
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What is the difference between experiments and quasi-experiments?
- In an experiment the researcher controls the environment and
manipulates one or multiple independentvariables . - in a
quasi-experiment the researcher doesn't manipulatevariables because the variability is naturally occurring; for example gender, age, etc.
- In an experiment the researcher controls the environment and
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What is internal and external validity?
- internal validity is The extent to which differences between the intervention and control groups in a clinical study can be confidently attributed to the intervention and not to an alternative explanation, which requires reducing confounding factors and bias to a minimum.
- external validity is the extent to which study findings can be generalized beyond the sample used in the study.
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The following topics are covered in this summary
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validity, hypotheses, evaluating
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mastery, goals, attributions
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agreeableness, toughness, extraversion
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specialization, deliberate, athletes
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cohesion, outcomes, efficacy
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strategies, skill, 10.000
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transformational, coaches, transactional
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variables, cognitive, outcomes
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implicit, ilts, cognitive
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arousal, attentional, performers
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mpa, dystonia, cbt
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burnout, overtraining, coaches
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stereotypes, attributions, safeguarding
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disorders, interventions, anorexia