Read the summary and the most important questions on Data and Misinformation

• 1 Week 1

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• Most visual lies are based on three strategies:

  1. Hiding relevant data to highlight what benefits the sender
  2. Displaying too much data to obscure reality
  3. Using graphic forms in inappropriate ways (i.e. Disorting data)

• What are conspiracy theories?

  Conspiracy theories are attempts to explain the ultimate causes of significant social and political events and circumstances with claims of secret plots by two or more powerful actors

• 1.1 PowerPoint week 1

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• To what do you need to pay attention in the hypothesizing phase?

  Is is correlation or causation? Is it exploratory or confirmatory? Or a hypothesis that doesn't make sense at all?

• To what do you need to pay attention in the design phase?

  Avoid HARKing, 
  
  and think about this in your question design:
  1. Positive vs negative vs bipolar questions 
  2. Response order effect 
  3. Question order effect

• To what do you need to pay attention in the Data collection phase?

  - avoid incomplete blinding
  - double blinded study (what is that?)
  - Error 1 and error 2 in data collection (explain)

• To what do you need to pay attention in the Analysis phase?

  Be honest about your findings, do not report HARKing findings.
  Type 1 and Type 2 errors

• 1.4 Lecture 7

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• Name the five 'truth criteria' as named in Schwarz & Jalbert

  1. Compatibility 
  2. Coherence
  3. Credibility
  4. Consensus 
  5. Evidence

• Explain truth criterium 'Compatiblity' (Analytic evaluation as well as intuitive evaluation)

  Is this compatible with other things I know? With knowledge I retrieved from reliable sources? And does it flow smoothly?

• Explain truth criterium 'Credibility' (Analytic evaluation as well as intuitive evaluation)

  Does it come from a trustworthy source? Does the source feel familiar and trustworthy?

• Explain truth criterium 'Consensus' (Analytic evaluation as well as intuitive evaluation)

  What do my friends and the opinion polls say? Does it feel familiar?