Groups as imperfection decision makers - Notes
11 important questions on Groups as imperfection decision makers - Notes
What are the adventages of group decisions?
- more knowledge and experience, you can remind each other of information
- more perspectives and alternatives, built on each other's ideas, more discussion
- more support for decision,
- shared/ difuse responsibility
- more legitimacy (wettigheid)
What are the disadventages about group decisions
in-group vs out-group
Time
differences of opinion and conflicts
not necessarily more or better ideas
Conclusion about group vs individual?
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
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what can you say about Sherif's (1936) autokinetic effect studies
How does conformity operate?
normative social influence: we conform because we are afraid of what might happen if we do not. (need for belonging we do not want to be excluded of the group).
impliciet social influence: environmetal cues cause us to adapt behavior. for example study of Aarts and Dijksterhuis when you see a photo of a library you are talking lees louder or even whispering.
What are the negative effects of exclusion?
negatively affects fundamental needs, such as belonging, control and self esteem
leads to biological stress response; increases heart rate and blood pressure
may increase desire for social connection (often this is only the case when you not excluded yet)
may decrease self-regulation; chosing the unhealthy snack, empathy (sad), pro social behavior (tend to help others less) pain sensitivity (rejected people become more pain tollerant) and it also decrease intellligence, thus affects cognitive performance.
more agressive (shootings american's schools)
Why does deviance often lead to rejection?
it undermines "social reality" group members need predictability.
it can be insulting to the majority
it threatens feelings of group solidarity and group esteem.
What are the risk factors that leads to group think?
cohesion
directive leadership
no or regid protocols the norm is strict and everyboy has to agree with the decision.
isolation they not consult experts for example
stress
according to research:
time pressure
type of cohesion, social cohesion is an risc factor for group thinking. task cohesion is a positive thing it not necessarly leads to groupthink.
leadership style what is not good is that leaders presents their opinion at the beginning of the discusion.
Why does polarization occer according to social comparison theory?
Why does polarization occur according to the persuasive arguments theory?
What is biased information sampling
for example 2 negative shared and 3 positive arguments unshared to hire some one. the other person has 2 positive shared arguments and 3 negative unshared arguments. they probably hire person 2.
during discussion believe in accuracy of shared information increases
sharde information is seen as more valid
shared information is remembered more easy.
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