Read the summary and the most important questions on developmental psychology | Berk

• 1 history, theory and applied directions

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• continuous vs discontinuous development

  countinuous: constant adding and honing of new types of skills 

  Discontinuous: passing through different stages in development, each with it's own perspective and challenges.

• What defines the normative approach?

  It studies large numbers of children of all ages to determine which behaviors normally appear at which times

• What are the 5 stages of freud's theory and their approximate periods?

  Oral: 0-1

  Anal: 1-3

  Phallic: 3-6 oedipus complex arises and sets as the child imitating the same sex parent, giving birth to the superego.

  Latency: 6-11 sexual instincts die down and the superego strengthens

  Genital: 11-18

• Name the wo behavioristis perspectives named in this chapter

  Bandura (social learning) and Piaget

• name the four stages of development according to piaget

  Sensimotor stage 0-2 making sense of the world

  preoperational stage 2-7 symbollic but illogical thinking

  concrete operational stage 7-11 conservation 

  formal operational stage 11< abstract thought

• What does developmental cognitive  neuroscience study?

  It studies the relationship between developments in the brain, and behavior and cognition.

• Sociocultural theory focusses on:

  culture and interaction (Vygotsky)

• What is ecological systems theory? (Bronfenbrenner)

  A theory that attempts to unravel the intricate ways in which the individual and his/her environment interact.  The four scales of environment are:

  Microsystem: the immediate environment

  Mesosystem: the network of microsystems (daycare, school, scouting etc..)

  Exosystem: the environment that affects the microsystems an thus indirectly the individual

  Macrosystem: the outermost system (culture, laws, customs, climate etc...)

• What does Bronfenbrenner, in his ecological systems theory, mean by chronosystem?

  It means the ecological systems theory operates in a framework of time. Situational factors or developmentally induced individual changes could arise that affect each other.

• What does dynamic systems perspective mean?

  it means that the individual's mind, body and environment form an integrated and dynamic system