Read the summary and the most important questions on Digital Transformation

• 1 Summary

• 1.1 Articles

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• Bower and Christensen 1995 deal with disruptive technology

  • focuses on how to deal with disruptive technology.
  • Key takeaway: Keep the disruptive organisation independent. Established companies can only dominate emerging markets by creating small organisations.
    

• Ettlie 2006 technology s-curve

  • Christensen 1992 - Technology S-Curve
    

  • Potential at begin of the lifecycle is great and then increasing engineering effort has diminishing returns to performance technology, due to natural or physical limits.
    
  • Cumulative learning process, tech development is in begin difficult and market adoption both takes time.
    

• What does Yoo et al. 2010 focus on, define digital innovation, digitization and the scope of digital offerings in his article?

  • Yoo et al 2010 focuses on the special features of digital innovation
    
  • Digital innovation: the use of digital technology in a wide range of innovation
    
  • Digitization: the conversion from mainly analog information into the binary language understood by computer (the digitization of the book; see Yoo et al., 2010)

  • The scope, features and value of digital offerings can continue to evolve even after the innovation has been launched or implemented. Most digital designs remain somewhat incomplete and in a state of flux ( → incremental innovation, Yoo et al., 2010)
    

• Yoo et al. 2012 digital transformation impacts professions

  • Digital transformation doesn’t only affect less organised professions automation of production warehouse labour, but also high ones such as doctors.
    

• Kohli & Melville (2018) - Digital innovation 7 dimensions

  • Kohli Melville 2018 distinguishes 7 dimensions of digital innovation and identifies issues, based on SLR
    
  • Theories found in lit overview Kohli & Melville
    
  • Initiate
    
  • Institutional theory stating that organisations are eagerly prone to fads and fashions
    
  • Develop
    
  • Design Science Research, including attention for infrastructure
    
  • Study of adoption aspects, e.g., maturity models
    
  • Study of opposing factors
    
  • Implement
    
  • Alignment, local factors - why is IT a success in situation X and not in Y?
    
  • Exploit
    
  • Organisational learning, e.g., sensemaking (Weick)
    
  • Creativity, ambidexterity
    
  • Organisational change, profit from mergers
    

• Hinnings et al. (2018) - Institutional perspective Digital innovation and transformation

  • Focus on Institutional perspective, important themes to research to enhance understanding of digital transformation are:
    
  • Takeaway:
    
  • How do new novel institutional infrastructures emerge and gain legitimacy?
    
  • dynamics between old and new institutional arrangements: VC’s use crowdfunding as a quality signal for new investment.
    
  • The combined effects of several digital innovations, that change, replace or complement existing rules of the game within organisations or industries.
    

• Digital transformation: Gartner vs academics

  Digital transformation can refer to anything from IT modernization(for example, cloud computing), to digital optimization, to the invention of new digital business models. The term is widely used in public-sector organisations to refer to modest initiatives such as putting services online or legacy modernization. Thus, the term is more like digitization than digital business transformation

• 1.2 Digital technology

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• What are the definitions of digitization and digitalization according to the course?

  Digitization: from physical object to digital object
  Digitalization: Building digital services, where a piece of information is not just a file but you can do something with it.

• How does the strategy triangle look like?

  See pic

• What are the Industry 4.0 key concepts?

  • Cyber-physical systems 
    
  • systems of collaborating computational entities that are in strong connection with the surrounding physical world and its on-going processes (Xu 2018)
    
  • Cloud Computing
    
  • Outsourcing computing to internet-accessible scalable server environments
    
  • Internet of Things
    
  • Things get unique identification (IP/URI) and a service interface to the Internet
    
  • 3D printing
    
  • German key players: Siemens, Bosch, SAP, Fraunhofer Institute, …