Read the summary and the most important questions on Disease Diagnostics and Therapeutics

• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ECGs, Immunohistochemistry

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• What are the 3 advantages of direct immunohistochemistry?

  1. More specific method 
  2. Involves fewer steps
  3. Useful when antigen is abundant

• What are the 3 advantages of indirect immunohistochemistry?

  1. More sensitive method
  2. Allows amplification
  3. Useful when antigen is in low abundance

• Describe the structure of a direct immunohistochemistry

  1. Antigen of interest fixed 
  2. Primary AB added to bind to antigen
  3. AB has conjugated reporting system

• What is the conjugated reporting system for immunohistochemistry and what is its function? Give 2 examples

  An enzyme that produces colour in presence of substrate - Shows presence and cellular location of antibody binding
  E.g. Horseradish peroxidase enzyme/tagged with fluorophore

• Describe the structure of an indirect immunohistochemistry

  1. Antigen of interest fixed
  2. Primary antibody added to bind to antigen
  3. Secondary antibody from a different species with conjugated fluorescence against primary antibody added

• What is diagnostic sensitivity?

  The proportion of people with the disease who produce a positive test - The ability of the test to correctly identify patients with disease

• What is the equation for diagnostic sensitivity/PPV?

  True positive/(True positive+False Negative)

• What are the 5 components required for PCR?

  Buffer, DNA template, dNTPs, Primers, TAQ polymerase

• Sepsis

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• When does CRP appear?

  Hours after damage or infection

• What is the function and mechanism of action of CRP?

  It binds to phosphorylcholine on bacterial cell surfaces - This fixes complement and promotes phagocytosis