Read the summary and the most important questions on disease in the human body

• disease in the human body 2

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• central appetite control center is In the?

  hypothalamus

• prader- willi syndrome

  hypothalamus is not working right 
  Always hungry 

• peripheral inputs to appetite control center

  various blood hormone levels: 
  influence brain to eat more or not- cholecystokinin (CCK) 
  adipocytes 

• what could cause ghrelin levels in blood to fall to zero? how would such a change alter appetite

  ful stomach
  full stomach reduce the size of your stomach ( weight loss surgery) 
  major appetite decrease

• Insulin after eating a carbohydrate- rich meal

  1) rising blood glucose level
  2) beta cells in pancreas stimulate to release insulin into the blood
  3) liver takes up glucose and stores it 

• when is glucagon released?

  glucose levels decrease after skipping a meal
  alpha cells of pancreas stimulated to release glucagon into blood
  so glucagon levels increase 

• sleep deprivation and ghrelin levels

  sleep deprivation increases gherlin levels 
  obese people get less sleep which explains why they want to eat more 
  ghrelin increases appetite 

• bariatric (weight loss) surgery ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS

  roux-en-y gastric bypass
  laparoscopically (small incision ) 
  frequency- 1/3 common but not dominant 
  effectiveness- very

• some risks of rouz-en-y gastric bypass

  infection 
  dumping syndrome( food rapidly dumps into the small intestine)  
  malnutrition/maldigestion 

• laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery

  frequency= 10% declining 
  effectiveness- not as effective as roux-en-y 
  risk- safer but long term not very successful typically after 5 years bands needs to be removed.