Read the summary and the most important questions on Domestic Politics and International Relations

• 01 and 02 Introduction

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• What is Moravcsik's criticism of realism?

  We cannot just state that states have varying prefereences, we need to study how those preferences are formed. And only when we understand where the governemnt preferences come from then we can bring in the realist and instituionalist factors, because only then can we see how this interacts with military power, different levels of informations etc.

• What do realism, liberalism, and construcitvism assume about rationality for a state?

  Realism: security. So what you want to do is acquire more power and that is what your behaviour is based on.
  Liberalism: actors are rational, but what is rational to one state may not be rational to another. It is rational to follow state preferences, and state preferences are formed at the national level, and can be about anything - not only security.
  Constructivism:  Do not buy into a set of defined preferences. They look more at whether something follows the norm and is appropriate. Actors are not neccesarily rational, but they are social.

• What is reliability in a research design?

  Reliablity: if you repeat it you get the same result/answer. That is points that are close together on the dart.
  

  • How to check: retesting. Interrated reliabilty: if you do expert interviews, you do more than one.

• What does Häge and Hug (2016) argue about UN resolutions?

  If the votes on UNGA resolutions that are not voted on (consensus) are not taken into account when determining to which degree states vote together, then you will get a wrong picture, including that the current measurements also do not take into account chance agreement, that is when state preferences do not overlap, but they “happen to” agree.

• What is strategic vs sincere vs revealed preferences?

  Strategic vs sincere vs revealed:
  

  • You mostly want sincere preferences: to know what actors actually really want. But it is not an easy measure to get to
  • Revealed preferences are what we have: which preferences do actors reveal when they act
  • Strategic: the preferences that an actor might have because it is strategically rational, but not actually what they want.

  The reason there is a difference between the revealed and the sincere preferences are the fact that they act strategically.

• Which mechanism does Moravcsik argue determines state behaviour?

  Societal ideas, interests and institutions
  --> state preferences
  --> state behaviour

• 3 Regime type

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• Which theory does De Mesquita describe?

  Selectorate theory

• What is the selectorate and the winning coalition? And how does the winning coalition change with increased support?

  Selectorate: The people who can take part in choosing a leader
  Winning coalition: The part of the selectorate that the incumbent must retain in order to stay in power.
  
  Note that how much support a leader gets don’t affect the size of the winning coalition; imagine e.g. presidential elections in the US. The number of people needed to become president does not change although the amount of support does. The same is true in autocracies.

• What are the two key factors of selectorate theory?

  Two factors are key:
  

  • The loyalty norm, W/S
  • The size of the winning coalition, W

• What does Oneal argue upholds peace?

  He supports the basic Kantian peace theory that democracies go less to war with each other.
  
  He looks at three factors in explainging it: Triangle of peace.
  Democratic - valuebased
  Trade - interdependent
  International Organizations - cooperating