Read the summary and the most important questions on Economic Assess of Health Care

• HC 1

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• What is the purpose of health technology?

  - prevention
  - screening
  - diagnosis
  - treatment
  - rehabilitation
  - palliation

• What is investigated in HTA?

  > mortality
  > morbidity
  > adverse health effects
  > QoL
  > functional status
  > Patient satisfaction

• What are features of efficacy?

  > study population in tertiary care setting
  > stringent eligiblily criteria
  > single or minimal outcomes
  > short study duration
  > minimal adverse event recording
  > smallest adequate ample size
  > completer-only analysis

• What are the features of effectiveness?

  > study population in initial care setting
  > minimally restrictive eligibility criteria
  > multiple outcomes including compliance
  > long study duration
  > comprehensive adverse event recording
  > large sample size
  > intent-to-treat analysis

• What is the role of NICE (national institute for health and care excellence)

  >Producing: evidence based guidance and advise for health, public health and social care performance
  >Developing: quality standards and performance metrics for those providing and commissioning health, public health and social care services
  > providing: a range of informational services for commissioners, practitioners and managers across the spectrum of health and social care

• What are advantages of observational studies?

  > relatively easy to conduct
  > good reflection of usual practice
  > large population are required
  > confounding by indication (selection bias) > groups not comparable at the beginning of the study

• What are features of a experimental research design?

  > expensive
  > selective patient population
  > randomization ensures allocation by chance, not by indication (prevents confounding)

• What is reliability (precision)?

  > the degree of stability exhibited when a measurement is repeated under identical conditions
  >> refers to the measuring procedure rather than to the attribute being measured

• What is performance bias?

  Systematic differences, other than the intervention under study, in the performance of care

• What is selective outcome reporting bias?

  Selection of a subset of het original variables recorded, on the basis of the results, for inclusion in publication of trials