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Summary: Enriched Environments, Experiencedependent Plasticity And Disorders Of The Nervous System
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Read the summary and the most important questions on Enriched environments, experiencedependent plasticity and disorders of the nervous system
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1 Introduction
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What is the take-home message of this study?
Environmental enrichment enhances brain function in health and disease in rodents. -
Which type of animal models did the authors review?
Animal models of (brain)disease -
2 What is environmental enrichment?
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What exactly is environmental enrichment according to the authors?
EE refers to [rodent] housing conditions that facilitate enhanced sensory, cognitive and motor stimulation [and social interaction] RELATIVE to standard housing (which is more of a stimulation deprived environment). -
What are the key features of EE?
- enhanced novelty
- enhanced complexity
both compared to standard conditions -
What is said about the standard housing conditions?
The standard housing comprises- food and water ad libitum
- single-sex
- bedding
- small groups or alone
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Note a restraint of the EE research paradigm.
both standard housing and EE housing are heterogeneous between studies and laboratories. -
Which parameters vary in the EE protocols?
- exposure duration
- EE onset timing (pre-adulthood, adulthood etc)
- cage sizes
- group size
- spatial orientation of objects
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3 Environmental enrichment in wild-type rodents
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What are the cellular effect of EE on rodent brains?
- altered cortex weight and thickness
- increased dendritic branching and spine size
- increased hippocampal neurogenesis
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What are the molecular effect of EE on rodent brains?
- increased BDNF
- increased NGF
- increased synaptic proteins
- receptor alterations
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What are the behavioural effect of EE on rodent brains?
- enhanced learning and memory
- verminderde geheugenachteruitgang in ouderdom
- decreased anxiety
- increased exploration activity
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