Read the summary and the most important questions on Environment and Development

• LD and SLM

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• What is Land degradation

  It is the ability of the land to lose its function

• Explain the vicious cycle of land degradation

  land degradation is caused by urbanisation and deforestation, because of the loss of carbon it speeds up the climate change. Climate change causes that there are more intens rainfalls or more droughts and harvest will fail. This increase poverty, because the farmers do know that they should invest in their land but they do not have the means, hence they use the land that is already degrading or use new land

• What is forest degradation?

  beware! it is different than deforestation, here is means that the quality of the forest is decreasing.

• What are the four ecosystem services?

  1.Supporting (oxygen, biomass, biodiversity, soil formation and carbon)
  2 regulating (climate, erosion control
  3,providing (food, timbre)
  4.Cultural (non-material benefits,rituals/spirituality)

• What can we do to limit the damage of deforestation?

  -banning logging and forest clearing
  -ecolabeling
  -protecting and planting 
  -logging rules and regulation
  -hand over forest to poor people

• What is REDD and what are there solutions?

  reduce emisions of deforestation and forest degradation.
  They think that carbon credits will help with the conservation of forests. A country will get credits when they do not cut the trees. They can hand in the credits at an international institute and as a reward they will get a payment

• Why soil carbon markets won't work

  -The science does not measure up
  -more landgrabbing (investors want to secure large plots for soil carbon        schemes
  -big farmers and argibusiness wil profit (high transaction costs)
  -public money, private gains
  -reduced adaptive capacity(Soil sequestration in carbon that requires longer term commitment and often binds farmers to certain type of agriculture practices and land management practices will negatively affect the adaptive capacity of poor farmers)
  -funding distraction

• What is sustainable land management

  looking after the land to maintain and to improve its multiply functions

• What are the four SLM focusses?

  -Technological focus (imitating floor forest)
  -ecological (caring for land and landscape)
  -economical (must be affordable and profitable)
  -social (participation, interaction with locals)
  
   

• Explain the vicious cycle of SLM

  Improve the production and build up the carbon in the soil, it reduce the emission so you mitigate the Climate change. This wil stay more stable this wil stimulates the responsive action. Locally and global they see it works and there will be new funding support. Hence it improves SLM