Read the summary and the most important questions on Europe from the mountains to the sea

• 1 The Alps-natural landscapes

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• Why are the alps the most important mountain range in Europe?

  Because they separate Northern Europe from Southern Europe.

• What is the average width of the Alps?

  the average with of the alps is between 150 and 200 kilometers. 

• 1.1 The origins of the Alps

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• What is the origin of the Alps ?

  1. 225  million years ago all continents connected into 1 super continent called Pangea
  2. Pangea broke in pieces tectonic plates collided and formed mountain ranges
  3. Alps were formed last period around fifty million years ago which is called the alpine folding.
  4. the African plate collided with the Eurasian plate and moved slowly across Europe, crumpling the land rocks were squashed together into ridges which formed mountains
  5. they are fold mountains

• which two plates played a key role in the formation of the Alps?

  the African plate and the Eurasian plate

• 1.2 young mountain range

• what are the characteristics of a young mountain range?

  high with steep slopes, sharp peaks and deep valleys  

• What are the characteristics of old mountain ranges?

  much lower, gentle slopes and rounded tops

• Why do you have the differences in old and young mountain ranges?

  these differences are the result of exogenic forces, which have weathered the mountains for millions of years by making the hard rock break and crumble. Pieces of rock slide down the slope sand are transported other places by glaciers, the sea or the wind. This process causes erosion in the landscape. 

• 1.3 weathering

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• what is weathered materials?

  the debris caused by weathering 

• which two kinds of weathering are there?

  mechanical weathering and chemical weathering

• What is mechanical weathering

  it only makes the rock break. It is caused by temperature changes. Rock expands when it heats and contracts when it cools. If this happens a lot, the rock will crack. Plant and trees will grow in the cracks and after a long time the rock will break into pieces.