Read the summary and the most important questions on Europe in 12 Lessons | 9789279342806 | Pascal Fontaine; European Commission. Directorate-General Communication

• 1 Why the European Union?

• What are the 6 missions of the European Union in the 21st century?

  1. Maintain and build on the peace established between its Member States
  2. Bring European countries together in practical cooperation
  3. Ensure that European citizens can live in security
  4. Promote economic and social solidarity
  5. Preserve European identity and diversity in a globalized world
  6. Promulgate (verkondingen) the values that Europeans share

• 1.1 Peace

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• What sparked the interest of statesmen to start unifying?

  The end of the Second World War.
  People wanted to put an end to international hatred and rivalry in Europe and create the conditions for lasting peace. 

• Who were included in unifying between 1945 and 1950?

  1. Robert Schuman
     
  2. Konrad Adenauer
     
  3. Alcide de Gasperi
     
  4. Winston Churchill
     

• On what were the new structures in western Europe based and founded?

  Based on shared interest
  Founded upon treaties guaranteeing the rule of law and equality between all countries

• Who established the ECSC?

  Robert Schuman: French foreign minister
  Originally the idea cam from Jean Monnet

• What did the ECSC entail?

  
  In countries which had once fought each other, the production of coal and steel would be pooled under a common High Authority. In a practical but also richly symbolic way, the raw materials of war were being turned into instruments of reconciliation and peace.

• 1.2 Bringing Europe together

• What happend in 1989?

  The Berlin Wall fell.
  The European Union encouraged German unification after this.

• What happend in 1991?

  The Soviet empire crumbled.
  Countries of central and eastern Europe were once again free to choose their own destiny. Many decided that their future law within the family of democratic European nations.

• When did the former countries behind the iron curtain join the EU?

  Eight of them in 2004
  Two more in 2007
  Croatia in 2013  
  Still going on

• 1.3 Security

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• What has to be dan to ensure the security of the Member States?

  The EU has to
  

  • work with regions just beyond its borders
    
  • protect its military and strategic interest by working with its allies (especially within NATO), and by developing a genuine common European security and defense policy.