A Science of Manufacturing - Formal Roots
9 important questions on A Science of Manufacturing - Formal Roots
The formal cause of a production or service system involves which two essential elements?
In terms of transformation and demand, why are buffers needed?
Because transformation and demand are never perfectly aligned. This means there will always be some kind of inventory, utilization will not always be 100%, and process times will never fully equal lead times.
What is a buffer?
A buffer is an excess resource that corrects for misaligned demand and transformation.
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What factor makes (perfect) alignment of transformation and demand impossible?
Variability.
Name the two primitive elements that make up production systems.
Stocks & flows.
Are flows essential in a transformation system? How about stocks?
Flows are essential because they represent materials or resources through the system.
Stocks are essential only in systems that keep inventory between demand and transformation. I.e. they are not essential in service systems.
Since stocks are not essential in a service system, does this mean they are not present in service systems?
A lot of service systems do have 'stocks'. I.e. persons in the waiting room at the dentist (but the waiting room can be empty too). Or a bundle of building permits waiting to be signed by a clerk.
What forms of buffer does a fire station have?
Remember buffers come as inventory, capacity or time.
A fire station will not have a time buffer since time is of the essence and waiting would mean disaster. Also it cannot have an inventory of rebuilt buildings or a jar of people's lives or reversed-burn wounds etc.
A fire station will have its buffers in the form of capacity: it will have plenty of employees and firetrucks on standby.
Theoretically, what form of buffer is not present in a make-to-order environment?
Inventory buffer(s), as production (theoretically) only occurs when an order is placed.
(Realistically though, inventory buffers in make-to-order systems often still occur, mainly as end-item inventory.)
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