Alimentary track
24 important questions on Alimentary track
What are the mechanical breakdowns in the alimentary tract (AT)?
- Chewing food into small pieces
- Contraction of the muscles along the AT
What are the chemical fors of breakdown in the AT?
protiens --> AA
fats --> fatty acids
carbohydrates --> glucose
What do gigestive enzyme cause and how do they work?
Digestive enzymes cause hydrolysis
Where are digestive enzymes present?
What kind of digestion happens in the small intestines?
What kind of digestion happens in the large intestines?
What does saliva consist of, form what is it produced and for what is it useful?
1% salt, mucus, enzyme and antimicrobial compounds
produced by saliva glands (foor mout, ears)
usefull for lubrication, chemical digestion, anti microbial function and important for tasting
What is the upper and the lower esophageal sphincter?
lower prevents reflux of food from the stomach
What happens when you swallow food?
What classes the stomach?
What are the 4 main cell types in the stomach?
- Chief cells, produce pepsine (cuts protein)
- Parietal cells, hydrochloric acid (gives a lower pH to the stomach)
- Goblet cells, produce mucus (slijm), fluvial cells lay over it in order to protect them form the low pH of the stomach
- Endocrine paracrine cells, produce hormones
What are the 2 main hormones in the duodenum?
What main function of the column and how does to movement go?
Movement is due to peristalsis (contraction and relaxation of circular muscles.
Where and how does most digestion take place?
What are the enzymes are produced in the pancreas?
Amylases
Proteases
Added in the duodenum.
What are the enzymes produced by the enterocytes?
disaccharidases and peptidases.
What are the enzymes produced by the liver?
How does fat enter the body?
What are the 5 main cells in the intestinal wall?
- Entrocytes, meeste van aanwezig produceren digestive enzymes and main absorption cell.
- Goblet cells, produce mucus
- entero-endocrine cells, produce hormones
- Chief cells, produce pepsine (cuts protein)
- Paneth cells, give antibacterial lysosomes.
What is the self renewal of the intestinal wall?
What happens to water soluble nutrients?
What happens to fat soluble nutrients?
What is cole cancer?
What is the difference between a digestive enzyme and an intestinal hormone?
hormones are sensors all over the digestive track that set reactions in place
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