Immunopathology of allergy - Appendix: Key components in allergic reaction (Background reading)
13 important questions on Immunopathology of allergy - Appendix: Key components in allergic reaction (Background reading)
What do mast cells release when they degranulate?
- Stored: histamine, heparin and proteases
- Synthesized by the activated cells: leukotrienes, prostaglandins, cytokines, chemokines and peptide growth factors
What do basophils secrete?
What do basophils and mast cells have in common?
- Presence of basophilic granules in the cytoplasm
- Surface expression of IgE receptor (FCeRI)
- Release of chemical mediators in response to various stimuli
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By what is eosinophilia in allergic diseases mediated?
What can eosinophils cause and how?
- cytotoxicity
- fibrosis
What do eosinophils produce and store?
What do the dendritic cells do in the lymph nodes?
- They induce CD4 T helper cell differentiation
- CD8 T cell activation
- Transfer some of their encountered antigens to B cells
Why do lung and skin DCs play a crucial role during the chronic phase of the allergic inflammation?
How is IgE-switch and differentiation of B cells triggered?
What are sensing cytokines?
What are T-cell instructing cytokines?
- IL-12 and IFN-y --> Th1 cells
- IL-4 --> Th2 cells
What are the effector cytokines?
- Th2 --> IL-4, IL-13 which instructs B-cells to produce the allergy antibody IgE
- IL-5 --> stimulates the bone marrow to form the eosinophilic granulocyte
- IL-9 + IL-13 --> create the allergic inflammation, e.g. Asthma in the lung
What do the resolving cytokines do?
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