Mechanisms of toxicity

7 important questions on Mechanisms of toxicity

What is the mechanism of action of war gass like sarin and musterd gas?

war gasses llinke sarin, soman en tabun cause irriversible enzym inhibition by forming an covalent bond with the active site of the enzyme (AChE, which can not be easily hydrolysed by water, causeing irriversible inhibition of the enzyme.
mustard gas, an alkylating chemical, is an example of a high reactive compound acting by means of covalent addition to cellular target molecules.

Tell the mechanism of repair cells?

- molecular repair = there are different ways to repair damaged molecules. Some chemical alterattions such as ocidation of protein thiols and methylation of DNA are simple reversed. Molecule's damaged units can also be hydrolytic removed or inserted by a new synthesised unit
- cellular repair = is not a widely applied strategy in overcoming cellular injuries. in moest tissues injured cells die,a and the survivors divede to replace the lost cells. Notable exception is the nerve tissue. In peripheral neurons with axonal damage need macrophages and Schwann cells to be repaired
- tissue repair = damaged cells may be eliminated by apoptosis or necrosis

What is the consequences of failing repair mechanisms?

repair fails most typically when the damage overwhelms the repair mechanisms. In other instances, the capacity of repair may become exhausted when the necessary enzymes or cofactors are consumed. Somethimes the toxicant-induced injury adversely affect the repair process itself. Ans some type of toxic unjuries cannot be repaired effectively. However sometimes repair may also play an active role in toxicity
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What is agonist/antagonist?

When an binding activates the receptor in a way similarto the endogenous ligand, it is called an agonist. if the toxicants are not able to activate the receptor, but instead their binding blocks the receptor resulting in impairment of the physiological function, it is called an antagonist

What is reactive oxigen species?

oxygen species wich are reafctive (contain one electron too much)

What is the Haber-Weiss reaction?

reaction which formes hydroxyl radicals from reactie oxygen species like superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide 

What are hydroxyl radicals?

they are considered to be the most reactive oxygen species able of initiating oxidative damage to not only lipids, but also other cellular macromolecules like proteins and DNA

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