T8: Toxicity testing
11 important questions on T8: Toxicity testing
Why do we do toxicity testing?
In the modern toxicology there is risk assessment and tox is defined and advice is provided
How do you stud a toxic compound?
Than you have a stepwise approach, there are 3 tiers, the higher the tier, the more expencive the experiments.
How do you know if a structure is reactive of not?
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What kind of toxic studies are there?
- sub-acute test (28 days)
- sub-chronic test (90 days)
- Chronic/carcinogenicity test (6-24 months)
- Reproductive and developmental toxicity
- skin/ eye irritation (in vitro and in vivo)
- skin sensitization
- mutagenicity (in vitro an in vivo)
How does toxicity testing support the establishment of an ADI?
What are the 4 main objections against animal testing are there?
- urge to reduce use of experimental animals on ethical grounds.
- assessment procedures for substances are too slow and time-consuming
- protocol-based animal testing is very expensive.
Why is in vitro testing difficult?
- difficult to extrapolate in vitro data to the intact organism. The data is not required to define points of departure like a NOAEL or a BMD. Solution can be: reverse dosimetry
What is true about the role of the OECD in toxicity testing?
-The OECD guidelines are under regular review and updating
-The OECD defines guidelines for toxicity testing
What is true about in vivo and in vitro toxicity testing?
-In vitro toxicity tests are accepted for genotoxicity assessment for regulatory purposes
For which toxicity endpoint are the largest number of animals used (by experiments that are required by current regulations on the safety evaluation of chemicals)?
What is true about alternatives for in vivo animal testing?
-PBK models can be used in a novel assessment strategy for the safety evaluation of chemicals
The use of human cells can improve our understanding of the mechanism of toxicity
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