Gene transcription and RNA modification - Transcription in eukaryotes
19 important questions on Gene transcription and RNA modification - Transcription in eukaryotes
Which two things make eukaryotic transcription more complex than prokaryotic transcription?
- Most eukaryotes have different celltypes, and therefore the eukaryotic transcription requires more appropriate timing and coordination.
What are the differences between the three types of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes?
- RNA polymerase II transcribes all the mRNA's and most of the snRNA's and other types of RNA's;
- RNA polymerase III transcribes all tRNA's and one rRNA, and some other types of RNA's.
Which two features do eukaryotic protein-encoding genes have to make sure that transcription occurs at an appropriate rate?
- Regulatory elements.
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What is a core promoter?
What is basal transcription?
What are regulatory elements?
Which two categories of regulatory elements are there?
- Silencers, which inhibit transcription (used when it's necessary to prevent transcription of a given gene).
What is the location of regulatory elements (relatively to the transcriptional start site)
What are cis-acting elements?
What are trans-acting elements?
Which 3 categories of proteins are needed for basal transcription at the core promoter?
Which five general transcription factors (GTF's) are needed for RNA polymerase II to initiate transcription?
What is the role of TFIID and how does its parts fulfill this function?
What is the function of TFIIH?
Another subunit hydrolyzes ATP and phosphorylates a domain in RNA polymerase called the CTD, which breaks down the contact between RNA polymerase II and TFIIB.
What happens after RNA polymerase II lost the contact with TFIIB?
What is the basal transcription apparatus?
- TFIID, TFIIB, TFIIF, TFIIE and TFIIH;
- RNA polymerase II;
- A DNA sequence containing a TATA-box and transcriptional start site.
In one sentence, how does termination in eukaryotes begin?
How does transcriptional termination occur, occording to the allosteric model?
- This destabilization is probably caused by the release of proteins that function as elongation factors or by the binding of proteins that function as termination factors.
How does transcriptional termination occur, according to the torpedo model?
- The region of RNA downstream from the polyadenylation signal sequence is cleaved by an exonuclease (5' to 3').
- When the exonuclease catches up to RNA polymerase II, this causes RNA polymerase II to dissociate from the DNA.
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