Gene regulation in eukaryotes II: Epigenetics - Overview of epigenetics
15 important questions on Gene regulation in eukaryotes II: Epigenetics - Overview of epigenetics
What are the two criteria for an event that causes a change in gene expression to be an epigenetic effect?
- The change must be passed from cell to cell.
How is this type of change also called and what does it mean?
What are two words to describe the pass of an epigenetic change from parent to offspring?
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What kind of epigenetic changes are not passed from parent to offspring?
What 5 epigenetic changes are the most common?
- Chromatin remodeling;
- Covalent histone modification;
- Localization of histone variants;
- Feedback loops.
What is chromatin remodeling?
- Larger-scale changes happen during, for example, X-chromosome inactivation.
What is covalent histone modification?
What is localization of histone variants?
What is a feedback loop?
In what two ways are specific genes or chromosomes targeted for epigenetic changes?
- A non-coding RNA recognizes specific gene sequences, binds to them, recruits other proteins that cause a epigenetic change.
What is an example of a epigenetic process that is mediated by a ncRNA?
What is a cis-epigenetic mechanism?
What is a trans-epigenetic mechanism?
By what kind of experiments can researchers distinguish between cis- and trans-epigenetic mechanisms?
- Cis-epigenetic mechanism: in the fused cell, one gene B is modified, the other is not;
- Trans-epigenetic mechanism: in the fused cell, both copies of gene B are now modified.
Which 2 kinds of things can cause epigenetic effects?
- Environmental factors, like temperature changes and diet.
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