Read the summary and the most important questions on Genome Regulation by polycomb and trithorax: 70 years and counting

• 34 Introduction

• Give two examples of evolutionary conserved chromatin modifying proteins

  Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG)

• What were the polycomb and trithorax proteins are originally known for

  As part of an epigenetic cellular memory system that maintains repressed or active gene expression states

• How do the polycomb group and trithorax group interact in gene cell differentiation and developmental processes?

  Act antagonistically

• How did the definition of the Polycomb group proteins arise?

  Mutations in polycomb proteins transformed anterior segments into more posterior ones due to abnormal /ectopic expression of Hox genes

• Mutations in the Trithorax gene (a regulator of Hox gene expression) lead to

  Embryonic segments were transformed from posterior into anterior by antagonizing the PcG proteins

• PcG and TrxG members are linked to

  Proliferation, senescence, cancer,  X chromosome, inactivation, imprinting, cell cycle control, stem cell biology

• Since PcG and TrxG members is linked to cancer, cell cycle, imprinting, stem cell biology, then how?

  There are a variety of PcG and Trx complexes that are assembled in a developmental stage and cell-specific manner to modify chromatin at their target genes via histone / chromatin ...

• Research has shown TrxG and PcG complexes can regulate at multiple levels...

  From changing local chromatin structure, higher older chromatin organisation, global genome structure

• 35 PcG 1

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• PcG machinery has been subdivided into two main complexes 

  Polycomb repressive complex 1 
  Polycomb repressive complex 2 

• The Polycomb repressive complex 1 is much more diverse in mammals > Drosophila and this complex is subdivided into

  Canonical cPCR1 and non canonical ncPRC1