Neural and endocrine pathways of GI control
6 important questions on Neural and endocrine pathways of GI control
How is the function of GI organs influenced?
By which receptors is the condition of the lumen of the tract monitored?
- Mechanoreceptors - detect degree of expansion of the wall
- Chemoreceptors - monitor the concentrations of specific substances like H ions or fat
- Osmoreceptors - monitor the osmolarity of the lumenal contents.
Where is gastrin secreted and what are its functions?
+ Gastric secretion and motility
+ Relaxation of ileoceacal sphincter
+ Mass movement in colon
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Where is CCK secreted and what is are its functions?
- Gastric secretion and motility
+ Pancreatic enzyme secretion
+ Bile secretion by the liver
+ Gallbladder contraction and relaxation of Oddi sphincter
Explain the short and long reflex pathways.
- Short reflex pathway: signal travels from the receptor to the intrinsic nerve plexuses and then directly to the effectors.
- Long reflex pathway: signals travel to the CNS, then to the intrinsic nerve plexuses and the effectors.
Explain cephalic-phase control, gastric-phase control and intestinal-phase control.
- Cephalic-phase control: control of the GI function by stimuli arising in the head (smell, taste, thought of food). Always effected by input from the CNS.
- Gastric-phase control: Control of the GI function by stimuli arising from the stomach. Exert effects via long or short reflex pathways or by altering the secretion of GI hormones.
- Intestinal-phase control: Control of the GI function by stimuli arising from the intestines. Exert effects via long or short reflex pathways or by altering the secretion of GI hormones.
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